LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This chapter intends to present the review of related works by other authors as regards to web based voters registration system.

2.1 Review of Related Works

Systems of voter registration vary widely from country to country, and sometimes from locality to locality. In some, voters are automatically added to the rolls when they reach legal voting age. In others, potential voters are required to apply to be added to the rolls.

In Australia, the Australian Electoral Commission administers Australia's federal electoral roll. Each state also has its own electoral commission or office, but voters need only register with the AEC, which passes the registration details to relevant state commissions.

Voter Registration is mandatory for all citizens 18 years of age or above. An individual has 8 weeks after turning 18 to register, but may register at any time with no penalty being enforced for failure to register. Similarly, if a change of address causes an individual to move to another electorate (Electoral Division) they are legally obliged to notify the Electoral Commission within 8 weeks. In Australia, details of house and apartment sales are in the public domain. The Electoral Commission monitors these and sends a reminder (and the forms) to new residents in case they have moved to another electorate, making compliance with the law much easier (Australian Electoral Commission, 2010).

Periodically the Electoral Commission conducts door-to-door and postal campaigns to try to ensure that all eligible persons are registered in the correct electorate. The one registration covers Federal, State and Local voter registration. In Australia it is a legal offence to fail to vote (or at the very least, attend a polling station and have one's name crossed off the roll) at any Federal or State election, punishable by a fine. The amount of the fine varies between federal and various state elections (The fine for not voting is currently AU$20.00 in Victoria. This figure is indexed at the beginning of every financial year). Usually people are issued with warnings when it is found that they have not voted, and they are given an opportunity to show cause for not voting. Acceptable reasons for not voting may include: being in the Accident Department of a Hospital, being ill (requires confirmation), being out of the country on election day, religious objections, being incarcerated etc. I forgot is not considered acceptable and will incur a fine. Section 245 of the Electoral Act provides that if an elector who has been asked the "true reason" for his failure to vote states that he did not do so because it was against his religion, this statement shall be regarded as conclusive, and no further action will be taken.

Traditionally voters cannot register within three weeks of an election, but in

2004 the Howard Government passed legislation that prevents registration after

8PM on the day that the writs are issued (this can be up to ten days after the election has been announced), Australian Electoral Commission (2010). This legislation was considered controversial by some Australians who contended it disenfranchised first-time voters or those who have forgotten to re-register. The law was repealed just prior to the 2010 Federal election, when advocacy group GetUp! won a High Court decision deeming the changes unconstitutional, ABC

News Australia (August 2010).

In Canada, the task of enumeration was handled by the relevant elections bureau such as Elections Canada for the federal level until 1992. Until that time, the task was delegated to temporary employees from the public who were charged with going to each residence in assigned areas to determine the eligible voters for a publicly displayed list for each election. However, this system was discontinued for fiscal reasons in the 1990s in favour of an opt-in option where voters mark their consent to be added the national voters list, or register, on their annual income tax returns. Although this allows the list to be updated annually, there are still complaints of excessive numbers of omissions which needlessly complicates voting for the public and is contributing to a serious decline in the percentage of the population who votes.

The Register is also updated using the following sources:

Provincial and territorial motor vehicle registrars

Citizenship and Immigration Canada

Canada Revenue Agency

Provincial and territorial vital statistics registrars, and provincial electoral agencies with permanent lists of electors (e.g. British Columbia and Quebec

Information supplied by electors when they register to vote or revise their information during and between federal electoral events proven electoral lists from other Canadian jurisdictions

Same-day registration is also permitted.

In Denmark, all citizens and residents of Denmark are included in the national register, Det Centrale Person register, where each person is assigned a personal number of ten digits which include the person's date of birth. The register is used for tax lists, voter lists, membership in the universal health care system, official record of residence and other purposes, and it is maintained by the Ministry of Welfare (Velfærdsministeriet). All eligible voters receive a card in the mail before each election which shows the date, time and local polling place; it may only be presented at the designated local polling station. Only citizens may vote in national elections, while long-time residents may vote in local and regional elections. Voting is not compulsory.

Voter registration in Finland is automatic and based on a national population register. Each citizen is assigned a register ID at birth which contains a six digit date of birth, a century marker, and four other characters to make the ID unique which are mostly random, but one of which also indicates the person's sex. Permanent residents appear in this register even if they are not citizens, but this information is marked on the register. People in the register are legally obliged to notify the register keeper of changes of address. Changing the address in the register automatically notifies all other public bodies (for example the tax district for local taxation and the social security authorities) and certain trusted private ones (e.g. banks and insurance companies) making the process of moving residence very simple. Close to election time a notification is mailed to registered persons informing them of the election and where and when to cast their votes. Only citizens may vote in national elections but all residents can vote in local elections.

All permanent residents of Germany are required to register their place of residence (or the fact that they are homeless) with local government. Citizens who will be age 18 or higher on the day of voting will automatically receive a notification card in the mail some weeks before any election in which they are eligible to vote; for European and local elections, resident citizens of other EU countries will also receive these cards. Polling places have lists of all eligible voters resident in the neighbourhood served by the particular station; the voter's

I.D. card is checked against these lists before they receive a ballot. Voting is not compulsory.

In Hong Kong all permanent residents who are above 18 years of age and suffering from no mental illness can register as voters. Imprisoned people can also register and vote since the laws prohibiting them from voting was ruled unconstitutional in 2009. (They can vote starting from mid-2010 when the electoral roll is updated annually.) The registration process is voluntary. In 2002 around 1.6 million permanent residents did not register (Difranco etal, 2010).

In Israel, all citizens who are 18 years of age or older on election day are automatically registered to vote.

In Mexico, there is a general electoral census. Any citizen of age 18 or greater must go to an electoral office in order be registered into the electoral census. Citizens receive a voting card (credencial de elector con fotografía) that must be shown to vote in any election. The same voting card generally serves as a national identity document.

All citizens and residents of Norway are included in the national register, Folkeregisteret, where each person is assigned a personal number of eleven digits which include the person's date of birth. The register is used for tax lists, voter lists, membership in the universal health care system and other purposes, and it is maintained by the tax authorities. All eligible voters receive a card in the mail before each election which shows the date, time and local polling place. Only citizens may vote in national elections, while long time residents may vote in local and regional elections. Voting is not compulsory (Friel, 2010).

All citizens and other residents of Switzerland are required to register themselves with the municipal authorities at their place of residence. Voter registration is automatic for citizens, who receive their ballot by mail a few weeks before an election or referendum.

In the UK voter the failure to complete the voter registration form with accurate information is an offence, and thus registration is actively encouraged by central and local government. Voters must be on the electoral roll in order to vote in national, local or European elections.

A fixed address is required to vote; if someone wishes to vote but lacks a fixed address for some reason, they may register to vote by filling in a 'Declaration of local connection' form. This establishes a connection to the area based on the last fixed address someone had, or the place where they are likely to spend a substantial amount of their time (e.g. a homeless shelter).

A voting card is sent to each registrant shortly before any elections. This does not need to be taken to the polling station, instead it serves to remind individuals of the exact details they provided to the electoral register.

The current system of registration, introduced by the Labour government is known as rolling registration whereby electors can register with a local authority at any time of the year. This replaced the twice-yearly census of electors which often disenfranchised those who had moved during the interval between censuses.

Following an experiment in Northern Ireland using personal identifiers, such as National Insurance numbers and signatures, the number of registered electors fell by some ten thousand; it is understood that this may have taken off the electoral roll fictitious voters. The system of individual registration used in Northern Ireland may be piloted in Great Britain if the recently introduced Electoral Administration Bill is made into law in time for the local elections in 2006.

Across the country, the registration of electors is still technically the responsibility of the 'head of the household', a concept seen by some as being somewhat out of step with modern society. This current system is controversial as it is possible for one person to delete people who may live with them from the electoral roll (David, 2006).

Under the United States Constitution, states may not restrict voting rights in ways that infringe one's right to equal protection under the law (Fourteenth

Amendment), on the basis of race (Fifteenth Amendment), gender (Nineteenth Amendment), or age for persons age 18 and older (Twenty-Sixth Amendment). Only U.S. citizens have the right to vote in federal elections. In a few cases, permanent residents (Green Card holders) have registered to vote and have cast ballots, most without realizing that it is illegal; non-citizens convicted in criminal court of having made a false claim of citizenship for the purpose of registering to vote in a federal election can be fined and imprisoned for up to a year, then deported, and removal proceedings have resulted in several cases, Kirk Semple (2010).

While the federal government has jurisdiction over federal elections, most election laws are decided at the state level and the true authority to interpret and enforce those laws comes at the local level. Usually the county election office is the place to start if you want to register to vote. The administration of elections can vary widely across jurisdictions.

Registering to vote is the responsibility of individuals in the United States. Voters are not automatically registered to vote once they reach the age of 18. Every state except North Dakota requires that citizens who wish to vote be registered.

Traditionally, voters had to register at state offices to vote, but in the mid-1990s efforts were made by the federal government to make registering easier, in an attempt to increase turnout. The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (the "Motor Voter" law) forced state governments to make the voter registration process easier by providing uniform registration services through drivers' license registration centres’, disability centres, schools, libraries, and mail-in registration. Some states allow citizens to register to vote on the same day of the election, known as Election Day Registration. States with same-day registration are exempt from Motor Voter, namely: Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Voters may register at the local election office (which is usually at city or town hall) or, one may call the election department and request a voter registration form through the mail. Voter registration forms may be found at public libraries and registries of motor vehicles. These forms must be filled out and mailed to the local election department. Also, one may register at a voter registration drive. The only states with online voter registration are Arizona, Colorado, Indiana, Kansas, Utah, Oregon, Louisiana and Washington, though legislation has been introduced in other states.

Some states prohibit individuals convicted of a felony from voting, known as felony disenfranchisement. Some states prohibit voting when on parole and/or probation but allow voting after. Some states have a lifetime ban from voting for ex-convicts, Graves (2010).

One may register wherever one has an address, regardless of its permanence— for example, a college student living away from home may register to vote in the college's city, even if that is not a permanent address. In most states, one must register, usually 30 days before a given election, in order to vote in it.

Seven states, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Wisconsin and Wyoming, allow for Election Day Registration.

In some states, when registering to vote, one may declare an affiliation with a political party. This declaration of affiliation does not cost any money, and it is not the same as being a dues-paying member of a party; for example, a party cannot prevent anybody from declaring his or her affiliation with them, but it can refuse requests for full membership. Some states, including Georgia, Michigan, Virginia, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Washington do not have party affiliation with registration.

In general elections, a voter may choose to vote for all of a particular party's candidates (straight-ticket voting) or to vote for candidates from different parties for different offices (Party X's candidate for President, Party Y's candidate for Senator, Party Z's candidate for Governor). In a general election, a person may vote for any party's candidates, regardless of the political party they belong to.

2.2 Electronic Voters Registration System and Methods

According to Martin (2006), electronic voters registration system is a system and a method for facilitating an election. A database containing voter registration information is downloaded from a central computer to a portable computer that is accessible at a polling station. The database can be searched by a proctor or official at the polling station to determine whether a prospective voter is eligible to vote at the polling station. The name or name and date of birth of the prospective voter is entered into a search field of the portable computer and the database is searched. If and when a matching record is found, additional information is displayed on a second screen and the proctor or official can make a determination whether the prospective voter is eligible to vote at the polling place.

To ensure the health of a free and democratic society, it is essential that voting be carried out in a fair and efficient manner, and in compliance with state and federal statutes. Individuals who are not registered voters, who have been placed on the inactive voters list, and who no longer reside in the precinct, ward or district of a particular polling station must be identified and either permitted to vote at that polling station, not allowed to vote at that polling station, directed to the proper polling place, or provided other direction on how to proceed.

Furthermore, those individuals permitted under the rules to vote at a particular polling station must be properly identified and counted as having voted.

Presently, some individual polling stations have an updated paper copy of township lists, lists of active/inactive (or in suspense) voters, and/or a poll book listing the registered voters for a particular precinct. These lists (poll book) can be greater than a thousand pages for any given large municipality, which can have several hundred individual polling stations. This system is very inefficient and prone to inaccuracies. For example, when a prospective voter enters a polling station, his or her name is checked against the list of registered voters in the poll book for that particular polling station. If the prospective voter is not listed in the poll book, the polling station monitor will contact the election office, which will obtain the name and date of birth date of the prospective voter and determine the appropriate polling station for the prospective voter. Many times, the poll judge cannot timely reach the election office during times of active voting because of busy phone lines, lack of cell phone service in the area and/or a general lack of communication (Cho and Rein, 2013).

This system is inefficient, expensive and prone to error. For example, in some districts, polling stations are furnished with expensive cell phones for use in contacting the election office to obtain voter information, since each polling station does not have direct access to the entire voting roles, laptops with adequate T1 lines, and lack of cell phone service in places like gymnasiums, polling locations and rural areas.

New federal mandates that allow for provisional ballots have created some logistical and potentially legal problems for voters and voting districts. Provisional ballots are generally cast by those voters who are not registered to vote or who show up at the wrong polling place, and in cases in which the poll judge cannot reach the election board because of a lack of communication. A problem with provisional ballots in many jurisdictions is that provisional ballots may not be counted if they are cast in the wrong polling place, which obviously defeats the purpose of the provisional ballot cast because the voter has found himself in the wrong polling place.

An object of the invention is a system and method of directly accessing up-to-date and useful information on a portable electronic device (e.g., computer). The system and method greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the voting process. Several advantages of the instant invention include

the elimination of the need in many cases for provisional ballots or the improper discarding of provisional ballots,

shorter lines and quicker moving lines at polling places due to quick elimination of voters who show up at the wrong polling place,

a reduction in the call volume generated at polling places and forwarded to the election center on election day,

Happier voters, who can obtain relevant voting information at any polling place in a particular county/state,

Happier election judges, who can determine the eligibility of any prospective worker at any polling place in real time, and

Reduced stress on the statewide voter registration systems because queries are performed on a handheld devices instead of on-line to a central computer.

In a preferred embodiment, the up-to-date and useful information is voter registration and polling place location information. The method comprises the steps of exporting data from a central database voter registration system onto a portable computer located at a polling station, entering a first information into a searchable field displayed on the portable computer, and obtaining additional information associated with the first information, and making a decision regarding the person associated with the name. In a preferred embodiment, the portable computer is located at a polling place/precinct, the first information is a name, and the additional information comprises the status of a prospective voter as registered to vote or not. Preferably, the method additionally comprises compiling an up-to-date and useful information database, which, for example but not exclusively, may be a voter registration database that includes name, date-of-birth, address, ward and precinct (or the equivalent thereof) for each voter in a state or municipality. The decision to allow or to disallow a prospective voter to vote at the polling station is based upon information displayed on the second screen.

Another object of the invention is an electronic information system, which comprises a central database that contains voter information, a central computer that houses the central database, a portable computer, a means for transferring data between the central computer and the portable computer, a software program that enables a user to enter first information into a field and retrieve additional useful information related to the first information. While the database may relate to any and all myriad useful information, in a preferred embodiment, the database is directed to voter registration information, which comprises name, date-of-birth, address, voting location such as precinct and ward (or equivalent thereof), status (e.g., canceled, in suspense/inactive, active) for a prospective voter, and optionally a voter identification number. Alternatively, but not to the exclusion of the previous, the database may comprise a list of inactive voters.

In another object of the invention, the invention is directed to methods and systems for managing and deploying voter registration information at a polling place using a computer and program to organize, convert and/or transfer voter data to multiple portable electronic devices for use at polling places. The system comprises a precursor voter database, a central computer (or a plurality of central computers across a voting district) and converter software, a converted voter database, a portable computer or a plurality of portable computers, and a means for transferring the converted voter database from the central computer to the portable computer(s). The precursor voter database may be a paper file or an electronic database file containing records of prospective voters. The converted voter database is an electronic database of records in a format compatible with the portable computer. The records contain voter registration data such as name of voter, birth date of voter, voter status (preferably active vs. inactive), ward/precinct, and street address. In a preferred embodiment, two converted databases are deployed on the portable computer(s), a voter data database and a street data database.

The method according to this object comprises the steps of

optionally producing (e.g., from a paper file) or obtaining a first electronic database file of voter registration information, the information includes the name of a voter, the birth date, the status (preferably active vs. inactive), the ward/precinct, and the street address,

converting the first electronic database file into a second electronic database file of a type that is generally exportable across one or more computer systems, the type such as, e.g., comma separated value (―CSV‖) or (preferably) tab separated value (―TSV‖) format,

converting the second electronic database into a third electronic database having a format that is accessible via the portable computer (preferably a palm database (―PDB‖) format), and

downloading the third electronic database onto the portable computer(s) (preferably Palm OS® personal digital assistant), which. can be distributed to local polling places.

In yet another object of the invention, the invention is directed to a method for collecting, transferring and/or storing voter data. Voter information is obtained from the prospective voter at the polling place by an election official, the data is inputted into a portable computer device, such as for example a Palm PDA device, which may be accompanied by an accessory input device such as a keyboard. The information may be name, address and/or birth date, or whatever information is requested to facilitate the voting process, verify a voter's eligibility, and/or develop an up-to-date voter registration list. The information that now resides on the portable computer may be transferred to a media device such as a multimedia card or other like device. The media or the portable computer is brought to a central election office and the information is transferred to a central computer. The information is then integrated into the voter registration database, in whatever form, that is used by the election office.

The inventor has developed a system and method for enabling the access of information contained in a large database on a portable computer useable at a remote site. The inventor envisions that the system is applicable to any business method wherein useful information housed on a central computer may be downloaded onto a portable computer for use at a site distant from the central computer. Thus, the invention is not to be construed to be limited solely to the embodiment herein disclosed, but by the claims which follow.

The inventor has recognized the need for reliable and readily accessible information at polling stations. Currently, voter registration information is printed, bound (this is a poll list) and distributed by an election office to individual polling stations. The information is then used by a polling station proctor or official to determine if a prospective voter, who enters a polling station, is eligible to vote. If the prospective voter is not on the roster for a particular polling station and is not on the inactive voter list, the polling station official can contact the election office to determine which polling station the prospective voter should report to vote. The prospective voter, who's name is not found on the poll list or inactive voter list, may be allowed to cast a provisional ballot with the caveat that in some jurisdictions, the provisional voter must cast that provisional ballot in the correct precinct. Thus, the inventor has invented a system and a method for efficiently delivering accurate and up-to-date voter registration information to each polling station in a voting area.

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to an electronic voter registration system. In a particular preferred aspect of the embodiment, the electronic voter registration system comprises a database of voter information in electronic format. The database contains records for registered voters of a particular voting area (municipality, county, state, and the like), wherein each record includes the name, date of birth and address of a voter. More preferably, each record also includes the precinct, ward and voting eligibility status of the voter. Status refers to whether the voter is active or inactive, in suspense, cancelled, military, and the like. Alternatively, but not exclusively, status can refer to whether a voter has already cast a ballot in the current election, and is therefore ineligible to vote again. Database structures are well known in the computer arts and are readily available as shareware, freeware and from commercial vendors such as FileMaker, Gupta, iAnywhere, InterSystems, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Pervasive Software, Progress Software, Sybase, and TimesTen. Some common voter registration systems include ES&S (offered by Election Systems and Software,

Inc.), VR Systems, HART Interactive and IBM.

Preferably, the database, which is maintained and up-to-date, resides on a central computer, which may be a server, personal computer, or the like, and which may be located in a state controlled office, an election office, space controlled by an election office, or with a vendor, or any combination thereof. Prior to an election, all or part of the database is transferred to one or more portable computers, which are located and used at one or more polling stations. Portable computers include, but are not limited to pocket PC (windows, linux, mac os), cell phone, tablet PC, Palm OS device, and laptop computer. In a preferred embodiment, the portable computer is a personal digital assistant (―PDA‖). More preferably, the portable computer is a Palm OS device.

The database is transferred from the central computer to the portable computer by any one or more methods that are well known in the art, including, but not limited to, wire transfer means, such as through a USB connection, serial connection, modem or network (e.g., hot synchronization), or wireless means, such as by infrared (―IR‖), microwave and radio wave, and/or by physical transfer of media, such as CD, multimedia or memory card, Zip™ disc, and the like. Examples of wireless transmission methods or protocols include Bluetooth

(2.56 GHz band), IrDA (infrared frequencies), and Home RF or SWAP (2.45 GHz range). In a preferred embodiment, the transfer is by hot synchronization of the central computer and a PDA. In a more preferred embodiment, the transfer is by transfer of a multimedia or memory card between the central computer and PDA.

In another preferred aspect of this embodiment, the electronic voter registration system (supra) comprises a database of voter information in a first electronic format, which may be in any one or more myriad database formats, including for example text file, spread sheet file, access file and/or the like. The database in this first electronic format is then converted to a universal format (second electronic format) using a converter software located on the central computer or a multiplicity of computers. Universal formats are generally recognized in the art, and include for example tab separated/tab delimited (―tsv‖, aka ―txt‖), comma separated (―csv‖), and xml. The second electronic format is then converted, using a conversion software program, to a format that is compatible for a portable computer (third electronic format). In a preferred embodiment, the portable computer is a Palm OS PDA and the third electronic format is a palm database format (―pdb‖).

In a preferred aspect, two databases are loaded onto the PDAs, a voter dataset, and a street dataset. In a more preferred aspect and in addition to downloading a voter dataset and a street dataset onto the portable computers, a voting district or state logo can be downloaded onto the portable computers. Additionally, an ―about‖ screen data can be downloaded onto the portable computers, to identify the vendor, district, date of election, and/or other information.

In this embodiment of the system, multiple portable computers contain the database and are distributed to multiple polling stations throughout an official voting area. Displayed on the screen of the portable computer (―first screen‖) is a searchable field, into which a polling station official or other individual can input the name of a prospective voter. The input can be by way of any input device, such as for example a stylus, a keyboard, an optical electronic card, a mouse, and a microphone. Preferably, the name is input using a keyboard or a stylus. The input name is compared to the records of the database and a matching record is called up and useful fields are displayed on the screen of the portable computer (―second screen‖). The polling official or other individual can make a decision to allow or disallow the prospective voter associated with the input name to vote. More preferably, the first screen can display an additional searchable field, such as date-of-birth, to assist in narrowing the database search. Alternatively, the arrow keys on the PDA may be toggled to scroll through the list of names in the database.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of facilitating an election. The method enables an official or proctor at a polling station to access information about a prospective voter on an easy to use portable computer, and to provide useful advice to the prospective voter. The method comprises creating, importing or updating a database, which contains voter records, on a central computer. The database is downloaded onto one of more portable computers using a wire, wireless or direct transfer method, wherein the database is stored on a medium that can be moved from the central computer and loaded onto the portable computer (e.g., disc, CD, chip). The central computer can be a server or personal computer that operates using any operating system, such as Palm, Windows, Linux, Mac and the like. Likewise, the portable computer may utilize any operating system, such as Palm, Windows, Linux, Mac and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the central computer utilizes a windows operating system and the portable computer is a personal digital assistant (―PDA‖) which utilizes a Palm operating system, and the database is transferred using a hot synchronization method through a USB, serial, modem or network connection. In a more preferred embodiment, the database is transferred on a memory or multimedia card that is transferred between the central computer and the PDA.

Having the database loaded onto the portable computer, the portable computer is accessed at a polling station. A prospective voter enters a polling station and optionally (i.e., in some jurisdictions) presents a proctor or official with a form of identification. The proctor or official enters the name or name and date of birth of the prospective voter into a searchable field displayed on the screen (―first screen‖) of the portable computer, which then executes a search program to search the records of the database. If the name or name and date of birth is matched to a record of the database, additional fields associated with that record are displayed on the screen (―second screen‖) of the portable computer. Those additional fields include one or more of address, precinct, precinct part, ward and status of the prospective voter. Status may be active, inactive, in suspense, cancelled, ineligible, or not available. Preferably status is either active or inactive. If the name or name and date of birth of the prospective voter does not match with any record in the database, additional fields may not be displayed on the second screen, but rather a notification is displayed on the second screen indicating that no match was found in the database (Anderson, 2008).

Having obtained additional information related to the prospective voter, the proctor or official at the polling station makes a decision whether to allow or disallow the prospective voter to vote at the polling place. If the prospective voter has a status of active or inactive/in suspense and the precinct and ward match with the polling place, the voter may be allowed to proceed to vote. If the prospective voter has a status of active or inactive/in suspense and the precinct and ward do not match with the polling place, the proctor or official may notify the prospective voter of the proper polling place that serves the precinct and ward of the voter. If no record match has been found related to the name or name and date of birth, the voter may not be allowed to proceed to vote, or the voter may be allowed to file a provisional ballot.