DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED RECYCLING SYSTEM FOR PROTECTING THE GREEN ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss about article review of the proposed project. Literature review is the summary of article that are sourced from reliable articles. This article review is important because it is used to help the developer to build the system, so the developer get some knowledge of the strengths and limitation of the system. All of these helps the developer to choose the best way to develop the system. Researches and analysis an existing system or current system to be done in order to build a good system. For this project, literature review serves the purpose of gathering information related to the development of a computerized recycling system for protecting the environment. This review will focus on the current existing system. The result of the review will serve to better equip the developer with knowledge relevant or essential in the design and planning of the system. It will also discuss the approach that will be used for this project and related research and information about the approach, methodology and tools that will be used to develop this project. Besides that, literature review serves the purpose of gathering information related to the development of a computerized recycling system for protecting the environment. This review will focus on the method how the system will operate by implementing some technologies.
2.1 HISTORY AND INTRODUCTION OF GREEN COMPUTING
Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. The goals are reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. Many IT manufacturers and vendors are continuously investing in designing energy efficient computing devices, reducing the use of dangerous materials and encouraging the recyclability of digital devices and paper. Green computing practices came into being in 1992, when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Energy Star program. Green computing is also known as green information technology (green IT). The idea of green computing has been around a good time, the government themselves play a role in it. For example the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the 'energy star' program in the 90s, to promote energy efficient methods. The EPA today still plays an active role by providing not only energy effective methods, but also cost effective methods for the consumers. In 2006 the EPA established a way to save U.S. households and businesses money; "With an eye to saving U.S. households and businesses more than $1.8 billion in energy costs over the next 5 years, today EPA announced new Energy Star specifications for computers and related equipment. These new modifications are also expected to prevent greenhouse gas emissions equal to the annual emissions of 2.7 million cars."(Jones, 2006) Though the EPA is a recognizable agency, they are not the only ones who promoting new ways of going green in the technological aspect. Organizations such as European Union and TCO Certification are one of the leading groups in green computing.
2.2 CONCEPT OF GREEN COMPUTING
Green computing, or green IT, aims to attain economic viability and improve the way computing devices are used. Green IT practices include the development of environmentally sustainable production practices, energy efficient computers and improved disposal and recycling procedures. To promote green computing concepts at all possible levels, the following four complementary approaches are employed:
- Green Use: Minimizing the electricity consumption of computers and their peripheral devices and using them in an eco-friendly manner.
- Green Disposal: Re-making an existing computer or appropriately disposing of, or recycling, unwanted electronic equipment.
- Green Design: Designing energy-efficient computers, servers, printers, projectors and other digital devices.
- Green Manufacturing: Minimizing waste during the manufacturing of computers and other subsystems to reduce the environmental impact of these activities.
2.3 E-WASTE DEFINITION
E-Waste for short - or Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment - is the term used to describe old, end-of-life or discarded appliances using electricity. It includes computers, consumer electronics, fridges etc which have been disposed of by their original users. "e-waste" is used as a generic term embracing all types of waste containing electrically powered components. E-Waste contains both valuable materials as well as hazardous materials which require special handling and recycling methods. This guide covers all categories of e-waste but emphasizes categories which contain problematic, scarce and valuable or otherwise interesting materials. Examples: Computers, LCD / CRT screens, cooling appliances, mobile phones, etc., contain precious metals, flame retarded plastics, CFC foams and many other substances.
2.3.1 E-WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING
E-Waste management practices comprise of various means of final disposal of end-of-life equipment which have different impacts on human health and the environment. It can be distinguished between state-of-the-arte recycling technologies, which comply with high environmental and occupational health standards and hazardous technologies that bear a great risk for both health and the environment and are often applied in countries, where no strict standards exist.
2.4 RELATED WORK
2.4.1 – Tadweer Website for Recycling.
Tadweer is a web based platform also available in mobile application which collects excess materials from furniture, plastic, paper and other recyclable materials, which are considered as waste materials that can be recycled and sold. The money is then donated to serve charitable projects; the project of Tadweer is currently supporting the following:
- Watering.
- Building Churches and Mosques.
- A fasting breakfast project.
2.4.2 - Considered Recycling.
Considered Recycling is a global Orientation Since the increased risks of wastes on the environment through decomposed waste which leads to leakage of toxins into water sources, whether groundwater or surface and soil pollution are affecting the cycle of food as well as pollution of drinking water and thus risk to the safety of communities and companies, considered recycling came as specializing in recycling services.
2.4.3 – Arab Recycling Company LTD
Arab Recycling Company LTD is a company specialized in recycling services and the most important products offered by it are carton - plastic - white paper- light Metal. Arab Recycling Company LTD aims to protect nature and human and reduce waste with the opening of new jobs, the most important services are:
1. Collecting waste of Carton, paper, Plastic.
2. Export materials that are acceptable for recycling to our external customers.
3. Collecting raw materials that acceptable for recycling from suppliers and all available resources.
2.5 BENEFITS OF RECYCLING
Recycling raw materials from end-of-life is the most effective solution to the growing e-waste problem. Most electronic devices contain a variety of materials, including metals that can be recovered for future uses. By dismantling and providing reuse possibilities, intact natural resources are conserved and air and water pollution caused by hazardous disposal is avoided. Additionally, recycling reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the manufacturing of new products. Overall the effects of green computing with its benefits, practicality, and uses are all positives. All which are great for not only the individual, but also all around the globe. By going "green" in technology we help promote an ecofriendly and cleaner environment.